Is a Found Deer Antler Safe for My Dog?

The Allure of Antlers and the Question of Safety

Finding a deer antler during a walk in the woods can feel like discovering a natural treasure. It’s rustic, durable, and seems like the perfect, free chew toy for your canine companion. The allure is understandable; dog owners are constantly seeking natural, long-lasting chews to keep their pets happy and engaged. However, before you offer this wilderness prize to your eager dog, it’s crucial to pause and ask a critical question: is that found deer antler actually safe?

The straightforward answer from veterinary professionals is clear: giving a found antler to your dog is a significant and unnecessary gamble. While antlers are marketed and sold in pet stores, a wild, unprocessed antler carries a host of unknown variables and potential dangers that can jeopardize your dog’s health. This comprehensive guide will examine the risks associated with found antlers, address common misconceptions about their benefits, and provide evidence-based safer alternatives to satisfy your dog’s innate need for chewing.

Why Found Antlers Appeal to Dog Owners

The appeal of a found antler is multifaceted. For many, it represents a connection to nature—a raw, unprocessed chew that seems healthier than manufactured plastic toys. It’s also a free resource, which is an undeniable draw. The natural scents clinging to the antler are incredibly enticing for dogs, and their legendary durability promises hours of chewing entertainment. This combination of “natural,” “free,” and “long-lasting” makes them seem like the ideal solution for a powerful chewer.

Additionally, some dog owners are familiar with shed hunting—the practice of training dogs to locate naturally shed antlers in fields and forests. This familiarity with antlers in a working context can create the mistaken assumption that antlers are equally appropriate as casual chew toys.

The Critical Difference: “Found” vs. “Purchased” Antlers

It is vital to distinguish between a commercially available antler chew and one found on the trail. Purchased antlers, while still carrying significant risks that many veterinarians caution against, have typically undergone some level of processing:

  • Graded for quality (e.g., Grade A sheds are considered freshest)
  • Professionally cleaned and sanitized to remove surface contaminants
  • Cut to specific sizes with the sharpest points removed for safety
  • Inspected for defects and structural integrity

A found antler has none of these safeguards. It is a complete unknown, with no information about:

  • Its age and weathering exposure
  • Environmental contamination history
  • The health status of the deer that shed it
  • Whether it has been exposed to pesticides, agricultural chemicals, or animal waste

Your Dog’s Safety: Our Primary Concern

Ultimately, the decision to give your dog any chew toy comes down to a risk-benefit analysis. For found antlers, the potential for severe, painful, and expensive health complications far outweighs the perceived benefits of a “natural” chew. This guide prioritizes your dog’s oral health and overall well-being over the convenience of a found object.

The Unique Dangers of Found Antlers: A Wild Card for Your Dog’s Health

A found antler is not just a piece of bone; it’s an object with an unknown past that can introduce unpredictable dangers into your dog’s life. The lack of history and controlled processing makes it a true wild card.

Unknown Origin and History

When you find an antler, you have no way of knowing its story. You don’t know why the deer shed it or if the animal was healthy. The antler could have been lying on the ground for months or even years, exposed to:

  • Bacteria from soil, animal waste, and decaying organic matter
  • Pesticides and herbicides from agricultural or forestry treatments
  • Environmental contaminants including lead, cadmium, and mercury (antlers are bioaccumulators of environmental trace elements)
  • Mycotoxins from fungal growth on damp forest floors
  • Parasites or pathogenic organisms

Research demonstrates that antlers accumulate heavy metals at levels comparable to other bone tissues, with implications for long-term exposure if antler fragments are ingested. These contaminants can cause gastrointestinal distress, internal organ damage, or more severe systemic illness in your dog.

Unpredictable Structure and Age

The age of an antler dramatically affects its structural integrity. A fresh shed is incredibly dense, but an old, weathered one that has been exposed to sun, rain, and fluctuating temperatures can become brittle and prone to splintering. This brittleness increases the likelihood that the antler will fracture into sharp, dangerous shards when chewed.

You cannot reliably determine an antler’s age or condition just by looking at it. A visual inspection is not a substitute for professional evaluation and does not render the antler safe. Even an antler that appears “fresh” is dangerously hard for your dog’s teeth.

Major Health Risks Associated with Antler Chews (Amplified for Found Antlers)

While even commercially sold antlers pose risks, these dangers are magnified for found antlers due to their unregulated and unknown nature. Understanding these specific threats is essential for any responsible dog owner.

Severe Dental Problems: The Primary and Most Costly Threat

The primary danger of any hard chew, especially deer and elk antlers, is the risk of catastrophic dental damage. Antlers are harder than a dog’s teeth. This fundamental mismatch creates a dangerous imbalance.

The Carnassial Tooth: Your Dog’s Most Vulnerable Point

The most commonly fractured tooth is the maxillary 4th premolar—also called the carnassial tooth. This tooth is one of the most functionally important teeth in your dog’s mouth, used for:

  • Heavy chewing and grinding
  • Cutting and shearing food
  • Generating significant bite force

When dogs bite down hard on antlers, the concentrated pressure on this tooth can exceed its structural limits, resulting in:

  • Slab fractures (the most common type): a vertical fracture where a large section of the tooth shears off
  • Complicated crown fractures: exposing the sensitive pulp chamber
  • Crown-root fractures: affecting multiple layers of the tooth structure

Research on the biomechanics of tooth fracture shows that carnassial teeth have a mean fracture force of approximately 1,281 Newtons, and the impact angle of direct downward chewing creates maximum stress concentration at the weakest point of the tooth.

Treatment is Painful and Expensive

When a carnassial tooth fractures and exposes the pulp:

  • Pain is severe and immediate: the exposed nerve tissue is extremely sensitive
  • Treatment options include:
    • Root canal therapy: $1,000–2,500+ per tooth
    • Vital pulpotomy (emergency endodontic treatment): $800–1,500+
    • Extraction: $500–1,500+ depending on complexity
  • Untreated fractured teeth can lead to:
    • Tooth root abscess: a painful bacterial infection requiring urgent treatment
    • Systemic infection if bacteria enter the bloodstream
    • Chronic pain and behavioral changes

Veterinary Professional Consensus

Over 90% of surveyed veterinarians do not recommend antler chews to their clients. The American Veterinary Dental College explicitly warns against antler chews, with board-certified veterinary dentists documenting increased cases of fractured teeth in dogs whose owners switched to antler chews. Specialists report that antlers are among the leading causes of slab fractures and other dental trauma.

Choking Hazards: A Life-Threatening Emergency

As a dog gnaws on an antler, there is always a risk that pieces will break off. This is especially likely with aged, brittle antlers. When a piece dislodges:

  • Small fragments can become lodged in the throat, creating a life-threatening choking hazard
  • Irregular shapes make the risk worse—unlike smooth objects, antler fragments have sharp edges and protrusions
  • The gag reflex may not dislodge a sharp, irregular piece effectively
  • Dogs often attempt to swallow the final small portion of a chew when it becomes manageable in size, and a hard antler nub is precisely the type of object that can cause airway obstruction

Symptoms of choking or esophageal obstruction include:

  • Gagging or coughing
  • Excessive drooling
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Retching or vomiting
  • Respiratory distress

Airway obstruction is a medical emergency requiring immediate veterinary intervention.

Gastrointestinal Obstruction and Internal Damage: Silent but Devastating

Should a dog manage to swallow a sizable antler piece, the danger is far from over. The indigestible fragment can cause a blockage anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract:

Mechanical Obstruction

  • A dense antler fragment will not digest
  • It may lodge in the esophagus, stomach, or intestines
  • This creates a life-threatening blockage requiring emergency surgery
  • Success rate for intestinal blockage surgery is 80–95% when treated promptly, but the 15-day mortality rate following emergency abdominal surgery in dogs is 20.7%, and major complications occur in 29.3% of cases

Internal Perforation

  • If a brittle, aged antler fractures into sharp splinters, these shards can perforate the delicate tissues of the esophagus, stomach, or intestines
  • Perforation leads to internal bleeding and leakage of intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity
  • This causes peritonitis (life-threatening abdominal infection)
  • Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, vomiting, lethargy, and shock

Warning Signs of GI Obstruction

  • Repeated vomiting or retching
  • Loss of appetite
  • Lethargy and depression
  • Abdominal pain or distension
  • Straining to defecate or inability to pass stool
  • Black, tarry stools (sign of internal bleeding)

Any of these symptoms following antler chewing require immediate veterinary evaluation.

Behavioral Complications: Resource Guarding and Aggression

The intense, high-value nature of an antler—with its primal scents and satisfying hardness—can trigger resource guarding behaviors in some dogs. A dog may become possessive or aggressive when a person or another pet approaches while they are chewing.

This can create:

  • Dangerous situations in multi-pet households: escalating conflict or injury
  • Safety risks with family members or children: unpredictable aggression around a valued resource
  • Strain on the human-animal bond: increased anxiety and behavioral management challenges

Resource guarding is both genetic (some dogs have a stronger predisposition) and learned. High-value chews like antlers can amplify existing guarding tendencies.

Debunking Perceived Benefits: Are Antlers Really Good for Dogs?

The marketing around antler chews often highlights their nutritional and dental cleaning benefits. However, a closer look reveals that these claims are misleading or overstated compared to the risks.

Nutritional Value: Minimal and Not Bioavailable as a Chew

The claim: Antlers are rich in calcium and phosphorus, providing nutritional supplementation.

The reality:

  • Antlers are primarily composed of inorganic calcium phosphate and collagen—but these minerals are NOT efficiently bioavailable when the antler remains intact and unchewed
  • Laboratory studies show that under controlled extraction conditions (using malic acid at specific temperatures), only 0.14 grams of calcium can be extracted from 1 gram of antler
  • When offered as a whole chew, the antler is largely indigestible, with minimal mineral absorption
  • Dogs on complete and balanced commercial diets already receive all necessary minerals—additional supplementation is unnecessary and potentially problematic
  • If mineral supplementation is needed, it should come from prescribed veterinary supplements, not from unregulated chew toys

Bottom line: Antlers should never be considered a food supplement. Any minor nutritional benefit is vastly outweighed by the severe risks of dental damage and intestinal blockage.

Dental Cleaning Claims: A Risky Trade-Off

The claim: Chewing on antlers helps scrape away plaque and tartar, promoting dental hygiene.

The reality:

  • While the mechanical friction of chewing does create some abrasive action against teeth, this is NOT a safe or effective method for dental health
  • The same hardness that might scrape plaque also fractures teeth
  • It is akin to using a rock to clean your own teeth—it might remove some surface debris, but the risk of causing irreparable damage is unacceptably high
  • Evidence-based alternative: The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) evaluates products for their ability to reduce plaque and tartar through safe mechanical action combined with specific chemical properties. VOHC-approved chews have been scientifically proven to reduce plaque and calculus without causing dental damage.

What Veterinary Research Actually Shows

Studies on proven dental chews demonstrate that:

  • VOHC-approved products reduce plaque thickness by 11-17% compared to control without any risk of fracture
  • Volatile sulfur compounds (the cause of bad breath) are ~75% lower in dogs consuming approved dental chews versus controls
  • Gingivitis development and progression are slowed or prevented with daily use of approved dental chews

Bottom line: Safer, more effective methods for maintaining your dog’s oral health exist and do not put their teeth in jeopardy. Daily toothbrushing is the gold standard; VOHC-approved chews and diets are proven safe alternatives.

Critically Evaluating “Preparation” Methods for Found Antlers

Some online sources suggest methods to “prepare” a found antler to make it safer for a dog. These DIY approaches provide a false sense of security and fundamentally fail to address the core dangers.

Boiling and Blanching: Insufficient for True Safety

The claim: Boiling an antler sterilizes it, making it safe to chew.

The problems:

  • While boiling may kill some surface bacteria, it does not effectively penetrate the porous, dense core of an antler
  • Heat exposure can actually alter the antler’s crystalline structure, potentially making it more brittle and prone to splintering
  • Boiling addresses only surface contamination, not the fundamental issue: the antler’s extreme hardness causes dental fractures
  • After boiling, the antler remains just as hard and dangerous to your dog’s teeth as before

Verdict: Boiling does not meaningfully improve safety and may worsen structural integrity.

De-scenting Antlers: A Training Tool, Not a Safety Solution

The claim: Washing or soaking an antler removes scent, making it “safer.”

The problems:

  • De-scenting addresses attraction and training concerns, not safety
  • This method is appropriate for shed hunting training scenarios (to prevent dogs from chewing found antlers during scent work exercises)
  • It does not reduce the hardness of the antler or prevent dental fractures, choking, or obstruction
  • De-scenting should never be confused with making an antler safe as a chew toy

Verdict: De-scenting is a legitimate training technique but has no bearing on the fundamental safety risks of antler chewing.

Soaking and Bleaching: Dangerous and Ineffective

The claim: Soaking softens the antler, or bleaching disinfects it.

The problems:

  • Soaking does NOT soften an antler to a safe level. Antlers have minimal water absorption and will not become pliable or chewable through water exposure
  • Bleaching is hazardous: it introduces harsh chemical oxidizers that your dog could ingest, potentially causing chemical burns to the mouth, throat, and digestive tract
  • Neither method reduces hardness or addresses splintering risks
  • Both methods are ineffective and create additional dangers

Verdict: There is no reliable, at-home method to transform a dangerously hard, unpredictable found antler into a safe chew.

You Found an Antler – Now What? A Safety-First Approach

If you come across an antler in the wild, your course of action should be guided by one principle: your dog’s safety.

Your Best Option: Do Not Give It to Your Dog

The most responsible choice is to treat the found antler as a piece of nature to be admired, not as a dog chew. Leave it where you found it, or take it home for a purpose that doesn’t involve your pet. The risks of contamination, splintering, and dental fracture are simply too high to justify its use as a chew toy.

This decision protects your dog from:

  • Expensive emergency dental surgery
  • Life-threatening choking
  • Gastrointestinal obstruction requiring emergency abdominal surgery
  • Internal organ perforation and peritonitis
  • Chronic pain from fractured teeth or root abscesses
  • Resource guarding and behavioral complications

If You Decide to Keep the Antler: Inspection Guidelines (For Storage, Not Use)

If you bring an antler home for display or craft purposes, you should store it securely away from your dog. If you wish to inspect it, look for signs of extreme aging:

  • Deep cracks or fissures running through the surface
  • Chalky or dull appearance indicating mineral loss and brittleness
  • Lightweight feel or hollow areas
  • Soft spots or areas that compress under pressure

However, even a “fresh-looking” shed is dangerously hard. Visual inspection is not a substitute for professional evaluation and does not render the antler safe as a chew toy.

Repurposing Found Antlers: Safe Human Craft Options

Found antlers can be beautiful, rustic decorative items. Consider these alternative uses:

  • Home décor: Display on mantels, shelves, or in shadow boxes
  • Craft projects: Create knife handles, decorative pieces, or jewelry
  • Educational purposes: Use as teaching tools for natural history or wildlife tracking
  • Artistic creations: Incorporate into sculptures or art installations
  • Gifts: Present to fellow outdoor enthusiasts who appreciate natural collectibles

These options allow you to appreciate your find while keeping your dog safe.

Proper Disposal: When in Doubt, Throw It Out

If you have no use for the antler and are concerned your dog might gain unsupervised access to it, the safest course of action is to dispose of it properly. Place it in a secure trash receptacle where your dog cannot access it.

Shed Hunting with Your Dog: A Different (And Safer) Context

It’s important to distinguish between antlers in the context of shed hunting training versus casual chew toys. Some dog owners train their dogs—often Labrador retrievers, Golden retrievers, or German Shorthair pointers—to locate and retrieve naturally shed antlers. This is a legitimate hunting/sport activity.

Shed Hunting Training Best Practices

If you participate in shed hunting with your dog:

  1. Use separate, clearly marked antlers for training—not the ones your dog will casually encounter and chew
  2. De-scent training antlers before leaving them in the field to prevent unauthorized chewing during scent work
  3. Grind down sharp edges before introducing them to your pup for training
  4. Teach specific commands (“find the shed” or “find the bone”) distinct from hunting commands
  5. Supervise retrieves closely and remove the antler after training sessions
  6. Do not allow unsupervised chewing of training antlers

The Key Difference

Shed hunting is a controlled, supervised activity with a specific purpose (scent tracking and retrieval). The antler is a training tool, not a free-access chew toy. This is fundamentally different from allowing your dog to casually gnaw on a found antler for hours, which poses all the risks outlined in this guide.

Safer Alternatives to Antler Chews: Prioritizing Your Dog’s Oral and General Health

Fortunately, there are numerous safe and effective ways to satisfy your dog’s chewing instincts and promote good oral health without resorting to dangerous items like found antlers.

VOHC-Approved Dental Chews and Toys

What are they? The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) evaluates products for their ability to reduce plaque and tartar through rigorous clinical trials.

VOHC-approved options include:

  • Greenies Dental Treats: Enzymatic action combined with safe mechanical abrasion
  • Tartar Shield Chews: Proven plaque and calculus reduction
  • Virbac Veggiedent Chews: Plant-based formula with proven dental efficacy
  • Purina DentaLife Chews: Designed for dental health maintenance
  • Pedigree Dentastix: Budget-friendly option with proven effectiveness

Why they’re superior:

  • Scientifically tested and proven safe
  • Clinically demonstrated to reduce plaque by 11–17%
  • Do not cause dental fractures or tooth wear
  • Reduce bad breath
  • Contribute to overall oral health

Rubber Chews and Durable Nylon Toys

Many reputable brands create durable chew toys from rubber or engineered nylon compounds specifically designed for safety:

  • Kong toys: Hollow rubber toys that can be filled with treats or peanut butter for extended engagement
  • West Paw Zogoflex: Recycled rubber toys with guaranteed durability
  • Nylabone edible chews: Formulated to soften with chewing, not splinter
  • Bully sticks: Digestible single-ingredient chews (always supervise to prevent choking on the final piece)

Why they work:

  • Engineered to have enough “give” to prevent tooth fractures
  • Safe for aggressive chewers when properly sized
  • Available in various textures and hardnesses for different chewing styles
  • Often fillable for additional enrichment

Edible Chews with Safety Standards

Look for products from reputable manufacturers that are appropriately sized for your dog:

  • Digestible dental chews: Made from starches or animal proteins designed to break down in the digestive system
  • Single-ingredient chews: Beef trachea, chicken feet, beef tendons (all fully digestible)
  • Compressed chews: Made from pressed meat or plant material that gradually softens during chewing
  • Always supervise chewing sessions to prevent choking on final pieces

Puzzle Toys and Enrichment Activities

Often, intense chewing is a sign of boredom or anxiety. Engaging your dog’s mind can reduce destructive chewing:

  • Puzzle feeders: Require problem-solving to access food
  • Snuffle mats: Hide treats in fabric “grass” for scent-tracking games
  • Frozen treats: Kong toys filled with treats or peanut butter and frozen for extended chewing
  • Foraging games: Hide kibble around the yard or house
  • Obedience classes and training: Mental stimulation through active learning
  • Regular play sessions: Fetch, tug-of-war, and interactive games

Benefits:

  • Address the root cause of excessive chewing
  • Strengthen your bond through interaction
  • Reduce anxiety-related behavior
  • Provide species-appropriate enrichment

Dental Checkups and Professional Cleaning

The most effective approach to dental health combines preventive measures with professional care:

  • Schedule annual dental examinations with your veterinarian
  • Professional cleanings under anesthesia when recommended
  • Daily toothbrushing (the gold standard for home care)
  • Regular evaluation of your dog’s chewing habits and oral health
  • Early intervention if you notice signs of dental disease

Risks by Life Stage: High-Risk Groups

Some dogs are more vulnerable to hard chew-related injuries than others:

Puppies (Under 6–12 Months)

  • Developing baby teeth are softer and more susceptible to injury
  • Permanent teeth are still erupting and sensitive
  • Jaws are not fully developed and cannot handle extreme forces effectively
  • Puppies are more likely to swallow pieces rather than gnaw gradually

Recommendation: Avoid all hard chews until at least 6–12 months of age, depending on breed size and development.

Senior Dogs (8+ Years)

  • Teeth are worn from years of use and more prone to fracture
  • Enamel is thinner, exposing sensitive dentin underneath
  • Existing dental disease is common in older dogs
  • Overall bone density may be compromised, affecting tooth support

Recommendation: Older dogs benefit from softer chews and more frequent dental evaluations. Discuss appropriate chew options with your veterinarian based on your individual dog’s dental health.

Aggressive or Power Chewers

  • Generate extreme bite force on hard objects
  • Bite straight down rather than gnawing gradually (high fracture risk)
  • Destroy typical chew toys within minutes, indicating need for high-durability options
  • Benefit most from mental enrichment rather than physically dangerous chews

Recommendation: Offer puzzle toys, training sessions, and VOHC-approved chews. Aggressive chewers actually have the most to lose from antlers—the very hardness that appeals to their owners is what causes catastrophic dental damage.

Dogs with Existing Dental Issues

  • Gum disease or periodontal disease means teeth are already compromised
  • Previous tooth fractures make teeth more vulnerable to additional injury
  • Missing teeth or dental restorations should not be stressed by hard chewing

Recommendation: Consult your veterinarian before offering any hard chew. Soft options and VOHC-approved products are safer choices.

Small Breed Dogs

  • Smaller teeth are proportionally more delicate
  • Bite force limitations mean teeth fracture more easily under pressure
  • Smaller chew pieces can pose choking hazards

Recommendation: Choose appropriately sized chews. A standard antler may be proportionally too large and hard for small breeds.

When to Seek Veterinary Care: Warning Signs

If your dog has chewed on an antler (whether found or commercially purchased), watch for these warning signs:

Dental Emergencies

  • Visible cracks or chips in teeth
  • Tooth discoloration or darkening (sign of pulp damage)
  • Excessive drooling
  • Reluctance to eat or chew on one side of the mouth
  • Facial swelling or discharge from gums
  • Bad breath that suddenly worsens

Choking or Esophageal Obstruction

  • Gagging or coughing
  • Excessive drooling
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Vomiting or regurgitation
  • Respiratory distress

Seek immediate emergency veterinary care if you suspect choking.

Gastrointestinal Obstruction

  • Repeated vomiting
  • Loss of appetite lasting more than 6–12 hours
  • Abdominal pain or distension
  • Lethargy or depression
  • Inability to pass stool or straining
  • Black, tarry stools (indicating internal bleeding)

These are emergency situations requiring immediate veterinary evaluation and likely diagnostic imaging (X-rays or ultrasound).

Consultation with Your Veterinarian

Every dog is unique, with individual oral health needs, chewing styles, and risk factors. Before offering any chew toy or making decisions about your dog’s dental care:

  1. Discuss with your veterinarian your dog’s chewing habits and preferences
  2. Ask about appropriate options based on your dog’s age, size, and dental health
  3. Request recommendations for VOHC-approved products if dental health promotion is a goal
  4. Schedule regular dental evaluations to monitor your dog’s oral health
  5. Report any signs of dental problems immediately

Your veterinarian is your best resource for personalized guidance tailored to your specific dog’s needs.

Conclusion

That deer antler you found on your hike is a fascinating piece of nature, but it is not a safe chew toy for your dog. Its unknown history, unpredictable structural integrity, environmental contamination potential, and inherent extreme hardness pose severe risks, including:

  • Fractured teeth (especially the critical carnassial teeth), requiring expensive root canal therapy or extraction
  • Severe dental pain from pulp exposure
  • Life-threatening choking hazards from splintered fragments
  • Gastrointestinal obstruction requiring emergency surgery with significant mortality risk
  • Internal organ perforation and life-threatening peritonitis
  • Resource guarding and behavioral complications in multi-pet households
  • Contamination from environmental toxins, pesticides, or pathogens

The supposed benefits of nutrition and dental cleaning are minimal and far outweighed by these potentially devastating consequences. Well-intentioned but misguided “preparation” methods like boiling, bleaching, or soaking fail to eliminate the core dangers.

As a responsible pet owner, your priority is your dog’s well-being. The best course of action is to:

  1. Leave the found antler in the wild or repurpose it for human craft projects
  2. Choose safer alternatives from VOHC-approved dental chews, engineered rubber toys, and puzzle toys
  3. Prioritize mental enrichment and training to satisfy your dog’s need for engagement
  4. Schedule regular dental checkups with your veterinarian
  5. Discuss chew options specifically tailored to your dog’s age, size, and individual needs

By making informed, safety-conscious choices, you can ensure your canine companion enjoys a long, healthy, and happy life—with a full set of strong teeth intact.

References & Veterinary Guidance

This article reflects current veterinary consensus and evidence-based recommendations from:

  • American Veterinary Dental College
  • Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC)
  • Board-certified veterinary dentists
  • Peer-reviewed veterinary research
  • Emergency veterinary surgery literature

Always consult with your veterinarian for personalized recommendations regarding your dog’s specific health needs and chewing behavior.